CSR(Cambridge Silicon Radio)校園招聘啟示 請(qǐng)問2023年10月26日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案 csr植物生活史劃分中將植物生鏡劃分為哪幾種類型？

小編今天整理了一些CSR(Cambridge Silicon Radio)校園招聘啟示 請(qǐng)問2023年10月26日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案 csr植物生活史劃分中將植物生鏡劃分為哪幾種類型？相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望能夠幫到大家。

本文目錄一覽：

• 1、CSR(Cambridge Silicon Radio)2014校園招聘啟示
• 2、請(qǐng)問2023年10月26日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案
• 3、csr植物生活史劃分中將植物生鏡劃分為哪幾種類型？

CSR(Cambridge Silicon Radio)2014校園招聘啟示

CSR(Cambridge Silicon Radio)2014 校園招聘

各位同學(xué)和老師：

CSR (Cambridge Silicon Radio)誠(chéng)邀你參加2014年校園招聘活動(dòng)，活動(dòng)安排如下：

您可以：申請(qǐng)或者投遞簡(jiǎn)歷至 Campus-China@csr.com (注明職位方向)。

參加宣講會(huì)，獲得與企業(yè)直接交流的機(jī)會(huì)。

宣講會(huì)當(dāng)天將同時(shí)進(jìn)行筆試及面試流程

祝各位好運(yùn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)校到職場(chǎng)的完美轉(zhuǎn)型!

一、公司簡(jiǎn)介

CSR (Cambridge Silicon Radio) 成立于1999年, 并于2004年在倫敦證券交易所上市。公司總部位于英國(guó)劍橋, 現(xiàn)有2000多名員工分布在全球的辦事處和研發(fā)中心。

CSR 針對(duì)在音視頻、連接以及定位領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)難題提供創(chuàng)新的芯片和軟件的解決方案。我們的平臺(tái)適用于車載導(dǎo)航和信息娛樂、數(shù)碼相機(jī)和成像、家庭互動(dòng)娛樂和無線音頻市場(chǎng)。我們的解決方案和市場(chǎng)平臺(tái)使客戶能夠提供卓越的用戶體驗(yàn)，獲得了汽車、計(jì)算機(jī)、家用及移動(dòng)市場(chǎng)廠商的廣泛采用。

我們專注于五個(gè)領(lǐng)域：

語音和音樂;包括無線音頻方案在耳機(jī)、揚(yáng)聲器和音箱等方面的應(yīng)用

室內(nèi)定位: 幫助人們?cè)陲w機(jī)場(chǎng)、購物中心等區(qū)域了解室內(nèi)室外位置和交通

汽車信息娛樂:智能*和車載系統(tǒng)相集成的創(chuàng)新方案

智能藍(lán)牙: 用于一系列設(shè)備的低功耗連接方案

成像(打印和數(shù)碼相機(jī)):集成連接、定位以及成像技術(shù)的完整方案

通過2009年合并SiRF，2010年合并aptX?, 以及2011年合并Zoran, CSR 目前擁有的技術(shù)產(chǎn)品系列包括GPS/GNSS系統(tǒng), Bluetooth?, Wi-Fi?, FM, 近場(chǎng)通訊, aptX? and CVCTM音頻編解碼JPEG, MPEG, H.264 成像, , PDL打印，微控制器，DSP，寬帶處理器和多功能SoC。

二、招聘職位

Platform Software (Android/Linux/WinCE)

Multimedia Software

Pre-silicon Virtual Platform

GNSS (Baseband/Firmware/Inertial Navigation

Connectivity Software (Bluetooth/Wi-Fi)

職位描述

1. 底層平臺(tái)類 Platform Software---Android

Job Purpose:

Develop Linux BSP (kernel and user space components), Android Framework/HAL or other cross platform SW on ARM (Cortex-A9 series and above) based CSR SoCs; Customer support and prepare related documents.

Key Responsibilities:

Design and develop Android Framework/HAL, cross platform SW modules, tools for CSR's SOC.

Customer support

Documentation

Person Specification:

Required:

MS degree or higher in CS, CE or EE.

Clear concept of general OS design and CPU and embedded system architecture

Has experience in embedded system, include RTOS or driver development

Strong C programming capability.

Good responsibility and team spirit

Fluent English and communication skill to work effectively with global development teams.

Has strong interest in Software technology.

Desired:

Familiar with Linux kernel or drivers like USB, Audio, NAND, SD, SDIO, 3G modem, 2D/3D graphic, multimedia A/V codec...is a big plus

Experience in Android platform or application development is a big plus

Java, C++ or Assembly (ARM) is a big plus

1. 底層平臺(tái)類 Platform Software--- Linux

Job Purpose:

Design, develop and maintain Linux BSP (Board Support Package, includes kernel and user space components) on ARM (Cortex-A9 series and above) based SoCs and prepare related documents.

Participate in open source development practices of code/design reviews.

Key Responsibilities:

Embedded software design such as Linux, ThreadX, FreeRTOS...etc.

Work with test team to resolve software bugs

Work with other team to resolve customer issues

Help in the SOC prototyping verification and development work.

Documentation of the software modules developed.

Person Specification:

Required:

MS degree or higher in CS, CE or EE.

Strong C programming skills. Assembly (ARM), C++ and Java is a plus.

Experienced with Embedded Linux or RTOS Development

Excellent English language skills to work effectively with global development teams.

Good responsibility and Team Spirit

Desired:

Familiar with one or more peripheral modules: NAND, SD, USB, AUDIO...etc.

Familiar with ARM architecture, MMU configuration and cache operations.

Good knowledge of hardware components.

1. 底層平臺(tái)類 Platform Software---WinCE

Job Purpose:

The role of Engineer, WinCE Software is developing and testing WinCE BSP for CSR's SoC, and related tools

Key Responsibilities:

Developing board supporting package based on CSR's SOC chip. Write OAL and device drivers and test applications for peripherals including USB, SD, NandFlash, AC97, LCD/2D, I2S, SPI, UART, USP, I2C, DSP, Bluetooth, WIFI, RDS and etc.

Participate SOC FPGA verification and write test vectors for verifying SOC hardware on FPGA boards

Write documentations for developed software modules and test applications.

Documentation of the software modules developed

Person Specification:

Required:

Master Degree, Computer Science or EE

Has experience with c/c++ programming

Understanding of operation system, low level I/O operations and interrupt handling

Good responsibility and Team Spirit

Great willing and passion to become software developing expert for embedded system

Good English skills

Desired:

Experience with one or more of the following protocols/devices: USB, SD, NandFlash, AC97, LCD, 2D, I2S, SPI, UART, USP, I2C, ATAPI, DSP, RDS and etc.

Familiar with ARM architecture, understanding of RISC architecture, MMU, Cache is a big plus

2. 多媒體 Multimedia Software

Job Purpose:

Cooperate with multimedia engineers and platform engineers to develop, debug multimedia features for different platforms.

Key Responsibilities:

Design& Optimize multimedia system middleware, components or applications.

Help customer or 3rd party to improve multimedia experience on CSR platform

Collaborate with platform software group to improve multimedia system performance

Person Specification:

Required:

Education: Bachelor/Master degree in computer science, electronics or electrical engineering

Basic knowledge for multimedia framework and applications

Understanding of operation system, low level I/O operations and interrupt handling

Very good C/C++ or Java programming

Very good knowledge for data structure, algorithm design

Understanding operation system especially the embedded OS

Desired:

Involved in one open source or self-start projects

Knowledge in video or audio coding standard and algorithms

Knowledge in signal processing or image/vision algorithm will be a big plus

Knowledge in operation system, including task sche*ng, memory management, cache management

3. 虛擬平臺(tái) Pre-silicon Virtual Platform

Job Purpose:

The role of Engineer, Pre-silicon Virtual Platform Software is developing and testing virtual platform models for virtual prototyping of CSR SoC.

Key Responsibilities:

Study and master the specific virtual prototyping tools

Work with other engineers, including related IC engineers and software engineers, to develop and test the virtual platform models

Write documentations for developed virtual platform models.

Co-work with virtual prototyping tool vendor to create prototyping for CSR SoC

Person Specification:

Required:

Master Degree, Computer Science or EE

Has experience with c/c++ programming

Understanding of operation system, low level I/O operations and interrupt handling

Good responsibility and Team Spirit

Great willing and passion to become software developing expert for embedded system

Good English skills

Desired:

Familiar with ARM architecture, understanding of RISC architecture, MMU, Cache is a big plus

4. 導(dǎo)航類 GNSS ---Baseband

Key Responsibilities:

Responsible for GNSS receiver baseband algorithm development, including signal acquisition, tracking and other related modules.

Provide design and development engineering services to the various application projects and IC projects as required in the classical matrix organizational structure.

Support to Business Development for key customer programs.

Documents such as design document, user manual, release notes, etc. Documentation of the software modules developed

Person Specification:

Required:

MS degree or higher in CS, EE, or related areas.

Familiar with programming language such as C/C++.

Experience in signal processing.

Good communications skill in both English and Chinese.

Must be a self starter. Must be able to work within tight deadlines, and be willing to do what it takes to get the job done.

Desired:

Proficient in embedded system design and development.

Knowledgeable in DSP hardware architecture and assembly language.

Knowledgeable in various GNSS systems.

Familiar with ASIC design methodology

4. 導(dǎo)航類 GNSS ---Firmware

Job Purpose:

Provide GNSS navigation algorithm research and software development

Key Responsibilities:

GNSS navigation solution algorithm research, implementation and verification;

GNSS navigation solution development, maintenance and optimization;

Testing data *ysis and GNSS positioning performance tuning & improvement;

Documents such as design document, user manual, release notes, etc. Documentation of the software modules developed

Person Specification:

Required:

MS or higher degree in EE, CS, AA, Survey or related fields

Solid C/C++ programming skills, with good knowledge on general algorithms and data structures

Understanding GPS principles (signal characteristics, acquisition and tacking theories) and applications (single-point solution, least square and Kalman filter)

Good English capability on listening, speaking and writing

Good communication skill

Hard work and good team player

Desired:

WinCE/Linux BSP and driver experience

RTOS development experience

UI experience

ARM assembler experience

Understanding ARM core architecture and programming

Experience on precise point positioning

4. 導(dǎo)航類 GNSS ---Inertial Navigation

Job Purpose:

Develop sensor driver, firmware and application related integrated navigation.

Key Responsibilities:

Develop and support inertial MEMS sensor driver based on embedded system such as WinCE and Linux, evaluate its characteristic.

Customization development and technical support.

Participate in inertial navigation and integrated navigation algorithm studies, improvement.

Participate in research and development in new algorithm and features.

Develop and maintain navigation data *ysis tools.

Person Specification:

Required:

MS or higher degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering Navigation, Guidance and control or related fields

Experience in inertial sensor characteristic and error statistics and *ysis

Skilled with C or C++ programming and Matlab

Good English capability on listening, speaking and writing

Desired:

Familiar with windows (CE) or Linux device driver development

Experience with one or more of the following protocols/devices: USB, SPI, UART, I2C and etc.

Good understanding in inertial navigation, dead reckoning and integrated navigation algorithm

Understanding Map Matching or Pedestrian navigation technology

Data processing and *ysis experience

5. 通信連接類 Connectivity Software

Job Purpose:

The purpose of the role is to develop/merge CSR connectivity modules (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi) driver/application to CSR Automotive and SoC platform and provide customer support.

Key Responsibilities:

Porting CSR connectivity modules (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi) to CSR Automotive and SoC platform (Prima, Atlas series), the OS maybe WinCE, Linux or Android

Develops CSR connectivity modules driver/application (Synergy) on CSR Automotive and SoC platform, this work required frequently communicated with UK/Bangalore team

Provides support to CSR's customers to help promoting CSR connectivity and SoC products into market

Contributes to app notes, white papers, undertakes design reviews and reference designs and, HW/RF evaluations, SW porting/integration and *ysis of problems on customer projects.

Contribute to the standards work for BG, drive new automotive connectivity use cases in the BT SIG, WFA, IEEE and other relevant organisations.

Provides application support and training (presentations, workshops and demos) to our customers, distributors, internal staff and regional FAE teams.

Person Specification:

Required:

BS Degree, Computer Science or EE

Minimum of 3 year experience with c/c++ programming

Good understanding of embedded operation system, specially on WinCE or Linux/Android

Minimum of 1 year experience with wireless technology, specifically on Bluetooth or WiFi 802.11 a/b/g/n

Experience with one or more of the following protocols/devices: UART, SDIO, USB, I2S

Familiar with ARM architecture, understanding of RISC architecture, MMU, Cache

Good responsibility and Team Spirit

Good English skills, both on written and verbal communication

Desired:

Knowledge of wireless technology, specifically Bluetooth, FM, Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n, GPS and Wireless USB

Familiar with Bluetooth specification and profile is a big plus

Knowledge of Assembler and other development in resource constrained environments

Experience with CSR Bluetooth product is a big plus

Knowledge of DSP programming is a big plus

Experience with Windows application programming is a big plus

Experience with customer support is a plus

招聘專業(yè)：微電子，計(jì)算機(jī)，電子工程，通信，軟件等相關(guān)專業(yè)的2014畢業(yè)生。

工作地點(diǎn)：上海浦東金橋

三、宣講會(huì)安排

東南大學(xué)

時(shí)間：2013年10月17日 13：30-18：00

地點(diǎn)：四牌樓校區(qū)-群賢樓三樓報(bào)告廳

同濟(jì)大學(xué)

時(shí)間：2013年10月22日 15：00-18：30

地點(diǎn)：嘉定校區(qū)-濟(jì)人樓312

交通大學(xué)

時(shí)間：2013年10月底或11月初 待定

地點(diǎn)：閔行校區(qū) 待定

請(qǐng)問2023年10月26日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案

您好，我是專注留學(xué)考試規(guī)劃和留學(xué)咨詢的小鐘老師。選擇留學(xué)是人生重要的決策之一，而作為您的指導(dǎo)，我非常高興能為您提供最準(zhǔn)確的留學(xué)解答和規(guī)劃。無論您的問題是關(guān)于考試準(zhǔn)備、專業(yè)選擇、申請(qǐng)流程還是學(xué)校信息，我都在這里為您解答。更多留學(xué)資訊和學(xué)校招生介紹，歡迎隨時(shí)訪問。
雅思的最新一期考試，在上周末進(jìn)行，大家對(duì)自己的考試有信心嗎？跟著小鐘老師來一起看看2023年10月26日雅思閱讀考試真題及答案。
Passage1：蝴蝶保護(hù)色Copy your neighbour
參考答案：
A THERE’S no animal that symbolises rainforest diversity quite as spectacularly as the tropical butterfly. Anyone lucky enough to see these creatures flitting between patches of sunlight cannot fail to be impressed by the variety of their patterns. But why do they display such colourful exuberance？ Until recently， this was almost as pertinent a question as it had been when the 19th-century naturalists， armed only with butterfly nets and insatiable curiosity， battled through the rainforests. These early explorers soon realised that although some of the butterflies’ bright colours are there to attract a mate， others are warning signals. They send out a message to any predators： “Keep off， we’re poisonous.” And because wearing certain patterns affords protection， other species copy them. Biologists use the term “mimicry rings” for these clusters of impostors and their evolutionary idol.
B But here’s the conundrum. “Classical mimicry theory says that only a single ring should be found in any one area，” explains George Beccaloni of the Natural History Museum， London. The idea is that in each locality there should be just the one pattern that best protects its wearers. Predators would quickly learn to avoid it and eventually all mimetic species in a region should converge upon it. “The fact that this is patently not the case has been one of the major problems in mimicry research，” says Beccaloni. In pursuit of a solution to the mystery of mimetic exuberance， Beccaloni set off for one of the megacentres for butterfly diversity， the point where the western edge of the Amazon basin meets the foothills of the Andes in Ecuador. “It’s exceptionally rich， but comparatively well collected， so I pretty much knew what was there， says Beccaloni.” The trick was to work out how all the butterflies were organised and how this related to mimicry.”
C Working at the Jatun Sacha Biological Research Station on the banks of the Rio Napo， Beccaloni focused his attention on a group of butterflies called ithomiines. These distant relatives of Britain’s Camberwell Beauty are abundant throughout Central and South America and the Caribbean. They are famous for their bright colours， toxic bodies and complex mimetic relationships. “They can comprise up to 85 per cent of the individuals in a mimicry ring and their patterns are mimicked not just by butterflies， but by other insects as diverse as damselflies and true bugs，” says Philip DeVries of the Milwaukee Public Museum’s Center for Biodiversity Studies.
D Even though all ithomiines are poisonous， it is in their interests to evolve to look like one another because predators that learn to avoid one species will also avoid others that resemble it. This is known as Miillerian mimicry. Mimicry rings may also contain insects that are not toxic， but gain protection by looking likes a model species that is： an adaptation called Batesian mimicry. So strong is an experienced predator’s avoidance response that even quite inept resemblance gives some protection. “Often there will be a whole series of species that mimic， with varying degrees of verisimilitude， a focal or model species，” says John Turner from the University of Leeds. “The results of these deceptions are some of the most exquisite examples of evolution known to science.” In addition to colour， many mimics copy behaviours and even the flight pattern of their model species.
E But why are there so many different mimicry rings？ One idea is that species flying at the same height in the forest canopy evolve to look like one another. “It had been suggested since the 1970s that mimicry complexes were stratified by flight height，” says DeVries. The idea is that wing colour patterns are camouflaged against the different patterns of light and shadow at each level in the canopy， providing a first line of defence against predators.” But the light patterns and wing patterns don’t match very well，” he says. And observations show that the insects do not shift in height as the day progresses and the light patterns change. Worse still， according to DeVries， this theory doesn’t explain why the model species is flying at that particular height in the first place.
F “When I first went out to Ecuador， I didn’t believe the flight height hypothesis and set out to test it，” says Beccaloni.”A few weeks with the collecting net convinced me otherwise. They really flew that way.” What he didn’t accept， however， was the explanation about light patterns. “I thought， if this idea really is true， and I can work out why， it could help explain why there are so many different warning patterns in any one place. Then we might finally understand how they could evolve in such a complex way.” The job was complicated by the sheer diversity of species involved at Jatun Sacha. Not only were there 56 ithomiine butterfly species divided among eight mimicry rings， there were also 69 other insect species， including 34 day-flying moths and a damselfly， all in a 200-hectare study area. Like many entomologists before him， Beccaloni used a large bag-like net to capture his prey. This allowed him to sample the 2.5 metres immediately above the forest floor. Unlike many previous workers， he kept very precise notes on exactly where he caught his specimens.
G The attention to detail paid off. Beccaloni found that the mimicry rings were flying at two quite separate altitudes. “Their use of the forest was quite distinctive，” he recalls. “For example， most members of the clear-winged mimicry ring would fly close to the forest floor， while the majority of the 12 species in the tiger-winged ring fly high up.” Each mimicry ring had its own characteristic flight height.
H However， this being practice rather than theory， things were a bit fuzzy. “They’d spend the majority of their time flying at a certain height. But they’d also spend a *aller proportion of their time flying at other heights，” Beccaloni admits. Species weren’t stacked rigidly like passenger jets waiting to land， but they did appear to have a preferred airspace in the forest. So far， so good， but he still hadn’t explained what causes the various groups of ithomiines and their chromatic consorts to fly in formations at these particular heights.
I Then Beccaloni had a bright idea. “I started looking at the distribution of ithomiine larval food plants within the canopy，” he says. “For each one I’d record the height to which the host plant grew and the height above the ground at which the eggs or larvae were found. Once I got them back to the field station’s lab， it was just a matter of keeping them alive until they pupated and then hatched into *s which I could identify.”
1-5. E、B、G 、F 、D
6-E、TRUE、NOT GIVEN、FALSE、NOT GIVEN、TRUE
12-13. D、B
Passage2：CRS企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任感
參考答案：
The moral appeal---arguing that companies have a duty to be good citizens and to “do the right thing” ---is prominent in the goal of Business for Social Responsibility， the leading nonprofit CSR business association in the United States.
A An excellent definition was developed in the 1980s ‘‘ Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” The notion of license to operate derives from the fact that every company needs tacit or explicit permission from governments， communities， and numerous other stakeholders to do business. Finally，reputation is used by many companies to justify CSR initiatives on the grounds that they will improve a company’s image， strengthen its brand，enliven morale， and even raise the Value of its stock.
B To advance CSR， we must root it in a broad understanding of the interrelationship between a corporation and society. To say broadly that business and society need each other might seem like a cliché， but it is also the basic truth that will pull companies out of the muddle that their current corporate-responsibility thinking has created. Successful corporations need a healthy society. Education， health care， and equal opportunity are essential to a productive workforce. Safe products and working conditions not only attract customers but lower the internal costs of accidents. Efficient utilization of land， water， energy， and other natural resources makes business more productive. Good government， the rule of Jaw， and property rights are essential for efficiency and innovation. Any business that pursues its ends at the expense of the society in which it operates will find its success to be illusory and ultimately temporary. At the same time， a health society needs successful companies. No social program can rival the business sector when it comes to creating the jobs， wealth， and innovation that improve standards of living and social conditions over time.
C A company’s impact on society also changes over time， as social standards evolve and science progresses. Asbestos， now understood as a serious health risk， was thought to be safe in the early 1900s， given the scientific knowledge then available. Evidence of its risks gradually mounted for more than 50 years before any company was held liable for the harms it can cause. Many firms that failed to anticipate the consequences of this evolving body of research have been bankrupt by the results. No longer can companies be content to monitor only the obvious social impacts of today. Without a careful process for identifying evolving social effects of tomorrow， firms may risk their very survival.
D No business can solve all of society’s problems or bear the cost of doing so. Instead， each company must select issues that intersect with its particular business. Corporations are not responsible for all the world＇s problems， nor do they have the resources to solve them all. Each company can identify the particular set of societal problems that it is best equipped to helpresolve and from which it can gain the greatest competitive benefit. Addressing social issues by creating shared value will lead to self-sustaining solutions that do not depend on private or government subsidies. When a well-run business applies its vast resources， expertise， and management talent to problems that it understands and in which it has a stake， it can have a greater impact on social good than any other institution or philanthropic organization.
E The best corporate citizenship initiatives involve far more than writing a check： they specify clear， measurable goals and track results over time. A good example is GE’s program to adopt underperforming public high schools near several of its major U.S. Facilities. The company contributes between $250， 000 and $1 million over a five-year period to each school and makes in-kind donations as well GE managers and employees take an active role by working with school administrators to assess needs and mentor or tutor students. The graduation rate of these schools almost doubled during this time period. Effective corporate citizenship initiatives such as this one create goodwill and improve relations with local governments and other important constituencies. What’s more， GE’s employees feel great pride in their participation. Their effect is inherently limited though. No matter how beneficial the program is， it remains incidental to the company＇s business， and the direct effect on GE’s recruiting and retention is modest.
F Microsoft is a good example of a shared-value opportunity arising from investments in context. The shortage of information technology workers is a significant constraint on Microsoft’s growth， currently， there are more than 450，000 unfilled IT positions in the United States alone. Community colleges， representing 45% of all U.S. Undergraduates， could be a major solution. Microsoft recognizes， however， that community colleges face special challenges： IT curricula are not standardized， technology used in classrooms is often outdated， and there are no systematic professional development programs to keep faculty up to date. In addition to contributing money and products， Microsoft sent employee volunteers to colleges to assess needs， contribute to curriculum development， and create faculty development institutes. Note that in this case， volunteers and assigned staff were able to use their core professional skills to address a social need， a far cry from typical volunteer programs. Microsoft has achieved results that have benefited many communities while having a direct-and potentially significant-impact on the company.
G At the heart of any strategy is a unique value proposition： a set of needs a company can meet for its chosen customers that others cannot. The most strategic CSR occurs when a company adds a social dimension to its value proposition， making social impact integral to the overall strategy Consider Whole Foods Market， whose value proposition is to sell organic， natural， and healthy food products to customers who are passionate about food and the environment. Whole Foods’ commitment to natural and environmentally friendly operating practices extends well beyond sourcing. Stores are constructed using a minimum of virgin raw materials. Recently， the company purchased renewable wind energy credits equal to 100% of its electricity use in all of its stores and facilities， the only Fortune 500 Company to offset its electricity consumption entirely. Spoiled produce and biodegradable waste are trucked to regional centers for composting. Whole Foods’ vehicles are being converted to run on biofuels. Even the cleaning products used in its stores are environmentally friendly. And through its philanthropy， the company has created the Animal Compassion Foundation to develop more natural and humane ways of raising farm animals. In short， nearly every aspect of the company’s value chain reinforces the social dimensions of its value proposition， distinguishing Whole Foods from its compe*s.
V、 viii、 iv、 vii、 i、iii、 ii
equal opportunity、internal cost
C、C、 A、 B
Passage3：沙漠造雨
參考答案：
A. Sometimes ideas just pop up out of the blue. Or in Charlie Paton’s case， out of the rain. “I was in a bus in Morocco travelling through the desert，” he remembers. “It had been raining and the bus was full of hot， wet people. The windows steamed up and I went to sleep with a towel against the glass. When I woke， the thing was soaking wet. I had to wring it out. And it set me thinking. Why was it so wet？”
B. The answer， of course， was condensation. Back home in London， a physicist friend， Philip Davies， explained that the glass， chilled by the rain outside， had cooled the hot humid air inside the bus below its dew point， causing droplets of water to form on the inside of the window. Intrigued， Paton-a lighting engineer by profession-started rigging up his own equipment. “I made my own solar stills. It occurred to me that you might be able to produce water in this way in the desert， simply by cooling the air. I wondered whether you could make enough to irrigate fields and grow crops.”
C. Today， a decade on， his dream has taken shape as giant greenhouse on a desert island off Abu Dhabi in the Persian Gulf ---the first commercially viable Version of his “seawater greenhouse”. Local scientists， working with Paton under a license from his
company Light Works， are watering the desert and growing vegetables in what is basically a giant dew-making machine that produces fresh water and cool air from sum and seawater. In awarding Paton first prize in a design competition two years ago，
Marco Goldschmied， president of the Royal Institute of British Architects， called it “a truly original idea which has the potential to impact on the lives of millions of people living in coastal water-starved areas around the world.”
seawater greenhouse as developed by Paton has three main both air-condition the greenhouse and provide water for front of the greenhouse faces into the prevailing wind so that hot dry air blows in through a front wall is made of perforated cardboard kept moist by a constant trickle of seawater pumped up from purpose is to cool and moisten the incoming desert cool moist air allows the plants to grow faster. And， crucially， because much less water evaporates from the leaves，the plants need much less moisture to grow than if they were being irrigated in the hot dry desert air outside the greenhouse.
air-conditioning of the interior of the greenhouse is completed by the second feature：the roof. It has two layers：an outer layer of clear polyethylene and an inner coated layer that reflects infrared radiation. This combination ensures that visible light can steam through to the plants， maximizing the rate of plant growth through photosynthesis but at the same time heat from the infrared radiation is trapped in the space between the layer， sand kept away keep the air around the plants cool.
F. At the lack of the greenhouse sits the third elements. This is the main water production ，the air hits a second moist cardboard wall that increases its humidity as it reaches the condenser，which finally collects from the hot humid air the moisture for irrigating the condenser is metal surface kept cool by still more seawater. It is the equivalent of the window on Paton’s Morcoccan s of pure distilled water form on the condenser and flow into a tank for irrigating the crops.
Abu Dhai greenhouse more or less runs ors switch everything on when the sun rises and alter flows of air and seawater through the day in response to changes in temperature， humidity， and windless days，fans ensure a constant flow of air through the greenhouse. “Once it is tuned to the local environment，you don’t need anyone there for it to work” says Paton. “We can run the entire operation off one 13-amp plug， and in the future we could make it entirely independent of the grid， powered from a few solar panels.”
ics point out that construction costs of around $4 a square foot are quite illustration， however， Paton presents that it can cool as efficiently as a 500-kilowatt air conditioner while using less than 3 kilowatts of electricity. Thus the plants need only an eighth of the Volume of water used by those grown conventionally. And so the effective cost of desalinated water in the greenhouse is only a quarter that of water from a standard desalinator， which is good economics. Beside it really suggests an environmentally - friendly way of providing air conditioning on a scale large enough to cool large greenhouses where crops can be grown despite the high outside temperatures.
27-31：YES、NO、YES、NOT GIVEN、 NO
32-36：hot dry air、moist、heat、condenser、pure distill water
37-40：fans、solar panels、construction costs、environmentally-friendly

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